Wow, look at you being all defensive about information going against your preconceived biases.:^)

But on all seriousness, here's the articles they reference.
Backfire effect: http://archives.cjr.org/behind_the_news/the_backfire_effect.php
more: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11109-010-9112-2
Flu shots: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/12/vaccine-myth-busting-can-backfire/383700/
Social rejection activates same parts of brain as physical pain: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797610374741?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&

Here's another study that questions whether the backfire effect actually happened.
Backfire effect is rare and depends on phrasing of question: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2819073
more: http://www.poynter.org/2016/fact-checking-doesnt-backfire-new-study-suggests/436983/ also has links on the backfire effect
fact checking increase accuracy of beliefs: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~nyhan/fact-checking-effects.pdf
not thtat this is from the same people who conducted the backfire effect.

Of course, I haven't read any of them which means I can't act like I know what I'm talking about. But if someone else wants to take their time to actually learn what the fuck researchers think about this then I guess this is a starting point. A list of studies related to confirmation bias, fact checking, fake news and all that shit.
https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/fact-checking-research-studies/fact-checking-research-what-works-what-doesnt-whats-promising-in-accountability-journalism/