Mesopotamia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:N-Mesopotamia_and_Syria_english.svg -The pre-history of the Ancient Near East begins in the Lower Paleolithic period. Therein, writing emerged with a pictographic script in the Uruk IV period (c. 4th millennium BC), and the documented record of actual historical events — and the ancient history of lower Mesopotamia — commenced in the mid-third millennium BC >c. 4th millennium BC