>>6953
>What else might (23) refer to?

Chapter 23 Military Assistance To Civil Authorities

“DOD has traditionally played a role in domestic security matters only when absolutely necessary. DOD wouldprovide support to federal, state and local responders when civilian capacities become overwhelmed. For instance,DOD could provide transportation or medical support in the event of a natural or man-made disaster. Also, DODcould be called upon to provide additional security at national security special events (e.g., the Olympics). In the eventof multiple requests for DOD assets, domestic and international, the President would be the one to make the allocationdecisions, using the coordinating mechanisms of the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council.”Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, May 2002 testimony before the Senate Appropriations Committee.Section IIntroduction23–1. Constitutional and policy basis for military assistance to civil authorities (MACA)a. The basis for the use of military forces to assist civil authorities stems from our core national values. Article I,Section 8 of the Constitution states, “Congress shall have power ... to provide for calling forth the Militia to executelaws of the Union, suppress Insurrections, and repel Invasions.” Article II, Section 8 states that the President shall “takethat the Laws be faithfully executed.”b. The military serves to support and defend the nation; this responsibility extends to military responses to domesticemergencies and disasters. From our nation’s inception, the Army has provided support to civilian authorities to assistin times of crisis and need. Floods, riots, hurricanes, earthquakes, unknown substances, and forest fires are examples ofsituations that have required states to call upon the National Guard or request support from federal armed forces.c. The NSS incorporates the aforementioned national values and sets forth three key national interests-protect thelives and safety of Americans, maintain the sovereignty of the United States, and provide for the prosperity of thenation and its people. Military assistance to civil authorities (MACA) in times of need contributes significantly tosatisfying these national security concerns. The strategy recognizes that America’s military may respond to a variety ofnational needs other than waging war. It specifies that: “Terrorism, WMD, illegal drug trafficking, and other threats athome or abroad may exceed the capacity of other agencies and require the use of military forces.”d. The National Homeland Security Strategy calls for the military to support civil authorities during emergenciessuch as responding to an attack or to forest fires, floods, tornadoes, or other catastrophes, as well as to assist during...

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2003/htar-chapter23.pdf