An Overlooked Antibiotic Shakes Up the Lyme Disease Debate

In a pair of new studies, one unexpected drug eliminated Lyme bacteria at doses 100x lower than standard antibiotics — without wrecking the gut microbiome.
Dec 15, 2025

In a pair of studies published recently in Science Translational Medicine, scientists showed that piperacillin—a Food and Drug Administration-approved antibiotic—cleared Lyme infections in mice at doses up to 100 times lower than those of doxycycline, the current first-line treatment.

Unlike doxycycline, piperacillin targets the Lyme disease bacteria specifically, sparing the gut microbiome from the disruption that typically accompanies doxycycline use.

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