>>185430
3. The Big Tech "Captives" (Self-Insurance)
For the largest tech companies in the world (the "Hyperscalers" like Microsoft, Google, AWS, and Meta), the traditional insurance market simply doesn't have enough capacity to cover all their global server footprint.
To bridge this gap, these tech giants utilize Captive Insurance Companies.

What is a Captive? A captive is a real, licensed insurance company established and wholly owned by the parent tech corporation.
Instead of paying billions in premiums to outside insurers, the tech giant pays premiums to its own captive insurer. The captive covers the day-to-day operational risks and smaller outages. The tech giant then only uses the traditional commercial insurance market (like AIG or Lloyd's) for catastrophic, worst-case-scenario coverage layers (e.g., a hurricane wiping out a multi-building campus).

4. Specialty Specialty Brokers (The Matchmakers)
Data centers do not buy insurance directly from the carriers. They use specialized global mega-brokers who have dedicated "Digital Infrastructure" and "Data Center" practices. Brokers like Aon, Marsh, and Gallagher act as risk architects. They assess the data center, design the policy structure, and negotiate with 10 to 20 different carriers simultaneously to piece together a single, massive insurance portfolio.