Okay, found something curious.
The subtitle for the image says:
a. Depiction of a rocket leaving for Mars in the 19th century
b. Golden cone from the 13th century BC (Nurnberg National Museum); according to scientists it's a religious object. But according to every kid of our time, it looks similar to the Apollo rocket at the launch pad.

So tried to identify these, I had easier time with the second one, it really is/was in Nuremberg, they say it's a golden hat of a sun priest (scroll down bout the half):
https://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/iss/kap_a/advanced/ta_1_1l.html
Others exist:
https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/mystery-four-golden-hats-bronze-age-002630

But illustration a is a harder nut to crack, "19th century mars rocket" doesn't give really good results. Ofc I associated to Verne's Lunar visitors, but their craft was a giant artillery shell, shot from a gun. However I came accross this article:
https://pioneersofflight.si.edu/content/tsiolkovsky-spacecraft-model
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was one of the fathers of space travel, or travel to space, a Russian rocket scientist, who was born in the 19th century, and died as a Soviet comrade, so would be kinda appropriate for a Hungarian publication in the 70's to take a look at his work.
As far as I can tell right now, he hadn't left any depictions of his vision, but written description he did. Pic #3 is a model for an 1936 Soviet movie, inspired by him. Very notable detail is the division of the body of this rocket into three compartments - observable in both image.
So maybe I'm on the right track here. The article in Galaktika issue #1, where this illustration comes from, doesn't give any help, it's just "Introduction to science fiction literature", no palpable there.